How to Measure Intellectual Capital?

Converting knowledge or intellectual capital into long-term business value is, in practice, a far more difficult process than in theory. While developing and implementing knowledge or intellectual capital philosophy’s in management processes, companies experience difficulties in measuring the contribution of their intangibles to business results and, what is more critical, companies fail in their efforts to reproduce the conditions and the processes that have unlocked the value creation potential of their intangibles. The challenge for corporations in the coming years is to identify all the elements of their value creation cycle (their strategically important tangible and intangible resources) and how these must flow, interact and contribute to sustain the organic development of the organization and significantly enhance its value creation capabilities. Without a method and instruments to identify the inter-relationships and the conversion process between intangible assets – knowledge, competencies, partnerships – and all the situations and contexts to which they add value, performance measurement systems will not be able to reveal the true performance of a company or reveal the patterns of value creation. The concepts and methods that we will describe in this paper propose a critical and practical point in designing and implementing a performance measurement of intellectual capital.intellectual capital,intangible active,performance measurement system.

A CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE REGARDING PRODUCT LIABILITY

This study analyses a current and highly important problem because we are in front of an unrecorded growth of the production volume in parallel with its diversification. Due to the fact that the introduction in production of the new products is preceded by the subsequent execution of some manually manufactured prototypes, the products are manufactured afterwards on an industrial scale. Under these circumstances there is the possibility of small errors which affect the consumer’s behaviour towards the new products. That is why, in auditing the focus is on the careful supervision of the opinions of the consumers and especially of the shortcomings of some products indicated by consumers in order to remove these from the manufacturing line. Under these circumstances, a very tight connection is required between the producers and the consumers, and a special liability of the producers towards those products. At the same time this is also a worldwide concern for the regulation of the products responsibility which has already been adopted by some large manufacturing countries. The recent example of USA was followed by the European legislation. That is why American organisations which export to Europe have to be warned because the law of product liability has been adopted in many European countries. The insurance companies are usually paying the initial losses for the cases of product liability. The manufacturer of a product has to protect itself from the risk of being brought to trial or at least to reduce the risk to a level where he could afford a reasonable profit or a continuous growth. In order to meet this objective, we need a product liability prevention program. This study analyses the product liability prevention program and presents some of the essential common elements for such a program. Therefore, one can argue that in order to have an effective product liability prevention program, some operations are required as for example: organisation, education, new revision of the products, initial revision of the products, periodical control of production, warranties control, warning of the contracts, complaints and claims, revocation plan, subrogation, risk criteria, standards, services control, reparation, etc. All these elements are described according to their own characteristics, as well as to the specific situation from the USA economy. There have also been outlined some characteristics of these elements which could allow for a product liability prevention program in other countries. That is why these elements have an important role in the economy of this material and underline once again the theoretical and practical importance of the studied problem.logistics, consumer’s behaviour, product liability prevention program, risk criteria, standards

Logistics and entreprise's field

This paper presents the connection between logistics and the enterprise’s yield. Logistics is a set of activities developed before and during production process, including the physical distribution’s activities of the finished products towards the consumers. The marketing’s target is to serve the clients as well as or even better the competition does and, at the same time, get profit. The effective demand required by marketing is realized throughout logistics. The logistics system’s activities are costs generators and they are retrieved in the total cost of the finished product. Detecting the connections between the way of accomplishing a creative activity of value and the cost or the performance of another activity, logistics gives an influence to the enterprise’s yield. The work sheet analyses the factors by which logistics is acting on the enterprise’s yield: the logistics’ activities costs, the serving clients’ level, the logistics’ activities correlation inside and outside the enterprise.logistics, clients services, competitive advantage, enterprise’s yield

BASES COMPONENTS OF PARETO EFFICIENCY

This study take into discussion the problem of underlay the decisions, which are particularly complex and actual, based of an important volume of information, which need an important quantity of work. From our investigations, we conclusion that some inconvenient can be evitable by use also of others concepts, which apply to this kind of information. In this direction, the Study follow up to end the manner which base the decisions, we allot a especial attention to analyze the Concept of Efficiency Pareto, which finally has two fundamental elements: final benefit and opportunity cost, use also in the process for take decisions. So we explain the ample analyze of Concept of Efficiency Pareto, where the main accent is on quantitative aspects evaluation of elements, which characterize them. By amplification is thoroughness the analyze of process for take decisions. So is underlined the closed link between different economical concepts and their great usefulness in practice.Pareto efficiency, benefit, policy, decision

CUSTOMER LOYALTY - THE MAJOR GOAL OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT

This paper presents the importance of customer relationship management (CRM) and customer loyalty for any organization that whishes to be successful and competitive in the market. A new emphasis in marketing and CRM is more and more widespread - creating customer relationships.In a competitive environment, the organizations have to focus their efforts towards continuous meeting both current and potential needs of all their customers. Many organizations have to consider how to enter a market and then build and protect its competitive position. Traditional marketing has focused on the final consumer seeking to promote brand values and to generate forced demand on the company's product market. The development of the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning signified the organizations' refocusing from the market approach as a whole, respectively the "mass market", to targeting and positioning strategies developed to suit the characteristics of the target segments chosen by the organization. The emergence and development of a distinct concept of customer relationship management and CRM software solutions design led to increasing focus on customer organization strategy. In addition to the strategy dedicated to a particular target segment, organizations have begun to design strategies and programs aimed at developing strategic relationships with specific strategic customers.The purpose of any customer relationship strategy should be customer acquisition and retention.Organizations should strive to develop CRM strategies to maintain and strengthen customer loyalty of the important customersmarketing, customer relationship management, customer orientation, customer acquisition, customer loyalty

The Relevance of the Correlation of Some Economic Variables For the Achievement of Sustainable Development Objectives At the Level of the European Union

The present work aims to carry out an analysis regarding the influence of some variables included as defining factors in the implementation of the SDG strategy for the year 2030, which have a direct effect on the GDP at the level of the EU countries. Thus, the size of GDP reflects both the material well-being of a country and its social well-being, including topics such as education, health, human safety, pollution, equal opportunities, etc. All these desired are included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the EU countries being in the process of implementing some strategies aimed at achieving these objectives. As such, GDP will be analyzed in correlation with a number of economic variables, likely to have an effect on economic growth and sustainable development